Leukocyte antigen [HLA] class ii allele frequencies in female patients with breast cancer: a case control study

The study aimed to examine the association between human leukocyte antigen [HLA] class II allele frequencies and breast cancer in Iranian women. A total of 100 patients with pathologically proven breast cancer who referred to Cancer Institute were randomly selected and compared with a group of age matched healthy blood donors [n = 80]. HLA class II alleles were determined by amplification of DNA followed by HLA-typing using sequence-specific primer [SSP] for each allele. The frequency of HLA-DQA1 0301 [P=0.001, OR=3.4] and HLA-DRB11303 [/M].02, OR=2.3] among breast cancer patients was significantly higher than those in control group. HLA-DQA 10505 [/M].003, OR=0.4], HLA-DRB11301 CP=0.002, OR=0.12] and HLA-DQA10101 [P=0.01, OR=0.21] alleles showed negative association with breast cancer. The findings suggest that HLA-DQA10301 allele is mainly associated with increased risk of breast cancer in Iranian female patients. HLA-DQA 10505 and HLA-DRB11301 alleles are suggested as protective genetic factors against breast cancer. The findings confirm that specific alleles of HLA class II influence breast cancer risk

Comparing the simple and choice reaction times by male and female athletes

Background and Purpose: Reaction time [RT] is one of the most important decision-making elements and represents the speed of information processing [IP] that can affect sport skills, but its variation across visual and auditory reaction times among men and women athletes is unclear. The present study was designed to compare the visual and auditory simple reaction time [SRT] and choice reaction time [CRT] among male and female athletes

Methods and Materials: This descriptive study involved 100 right-handed subjects [50 male and 50 female] with aboveaverage 10, from among the students of Physical Education at Tehran University, Iran. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The data were collected by the use of manual RT tool. The analysis of data was done by F test in SPSS 16 [p<0.05]

Results: The results showed that visual SRT was 0.233+/-0.154 vs. 0.229 +/- 0.172 respectively among female and male participants [P=0.161], auditory SRT was 0.234 +/- 0.180 vs. 0.233 +/- 0.196 respectively [p=0/837] and visual CRT was 0.440 +/- 0.171 vs. 0.481 +/- 0.115 respectively [P=0./409]; no significant difference were found between male and female participants in this regard. The only differences was related to auditory CRT which tended to be significantly faster in boys than girls [0.481 +/- 0.115 vs. 0.484 +/- 0.141] [P=0.000]

Conclusion: Based on the findings, only auditory CRT was affected by gender